Household Mold Doubles Kids' Asthma Risk

A Moldy Smell Is Enough to Trigger Increased Risk, Study Shows  By Miranda Hitti
WebMD Medical News  Reviewed By Brunilda Nazario, MD
on Friday, March 04, 2005 

Mar. 4, 2005 -- Kids' asthma risk more than doubles if their homes smell of mold, says a new study.

"This study is important for families everywhere," says Jim Burkhart, PhD, in a news release. Burkhart is the science editor for Environmental Health Perspectives, which published the study in its March issue.

"Anyone with young children in the home should be aware of the potentially harmful effects of long-term exposure to mold and this potential link to asthma in children," he continues, in the news release.

Mold has been linked to asthma before.Mold has been linked to asthma before. So have other irritants such as cigarette smoke, dust mites, and furry or feathery pets. A family history of asthma or hay fever give children genes that raises a kids' risk of being susceptible to environmental triggers to asthma, say the researchers.

You don't have to see mold for it to cause problems. The smell alone can be bad enough, the research shows.

Stamp Out Dampness, Mold

Household mold odor increased kids' asthma risk about 2.5 times, according to the study. No connection was seen between asthma and homes' visible mold, water damage, or the presence of moisture, like wet spots in the home.

Still, damp dwellings can be troublesome, and not just from an architectural perspective. Mold contains allergens, which can trigger hay fever or asthma in sensitive people. They also produce a musty odor that can cause irritation to the nose, eyes, and throat.

Dampness could foster dust mites, mold, and other breathing hazards, write the researchers. It could also indicate ventilation problems that allow indoor pollutants to build up, they add.

Getting rid of mold and moisture problems aren't always a do-it-yourself chore. Professionals can help find and fix the problem.

Like Parent, Like Child?

The study focused on nearly 1,900 children living near Helsinki, Finland. While the kids were 1-7 years old, researchers watched to see who got asthma over the next six years.

The kids' parents or guardians answered asthma questionnaires and phone surveys. Topics included the child's doctor-diagnosed asthma, parental history of allergies or asthma, and potential breathing irritants in the home.

The adults were also asked if their home had ever smelled moldy during the past year. The homes' record of visible mold, moisture problems, or water damage was also noted.

The study also showed that kids are more likely to get asthma if their parents had asthma or allergies.

Asthma risk soared 54% in kids whose parents had allergies or asthma, even in homes that didn't smell moldy.

The presence of moldy odor in the home more than doubled the risk of a child developing asthma over the next several years.

"The results provide further evidence that exposure to molds increases the risk of developing asthma in children," write professor Jouni Jaakkola, MD, DSc, PhD, and colleagues. Jaakola directs the Institute for Occupational and Environmental Medicine at England's University of Birmingham, and also works at Finland's University of Helsinki.

Environmental Health Perspectives Volume 113, Number 3, March 2005  
 
Children's Health Article

Home Dampness and Molds, Parental Atopy, and Asthma in Childhood: a Six-year Population-based Cohort Study

Jouni J. K. Jaakkola,1,2 Bing-Fang Hwang,3 and Niina Jaakkola2

1Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom; 2Environmental Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 3Department of Health Care Administration, Diwan College of Management, Tainan, Taiwan

Abstract
Previous studies of how parental atopy and exposure to dampness and molds contribute to the risk of asthma have been mainly cross-sectional or prevalent case-control studies, where selection and information bias and temporality constitute problems. We assessed longitudinally the independent and joint effects of parental atopy and exposure to molds in dwellings on the development of asthma in childhood. We conducted a population-based, 6-year prospective cohort study of 1,984 children 1-7 years of age at the baseline in 1991 (follow-up rate, 77%) . The study population included 1,916 children without asthma at baseline and complete outcome information. The data collection included a baseline and follow-up survey. The outcome of interest was development of asthma during the study period. The studied determinants were parental allergic diseases and four indicators of exposure at baseline: histories of water damage, presence of moisture and visible molds, and perceived mold odor in the home. A total of 138 (7.2%) children developed asthma during the study period, resulting in an incidence rate of 125 cases per 10,000 person-years [95% confidence interval (CI) , 104-146]. In Poisson regression adjusting for confounding, parental atopy [adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.52 ; 95% CI, 1.08-2.13] and the presence of mold odor in the home reported at baseline (adjusted IRR 2.44 ; 95% CI, 1.07-5.60) were independent determinants of asthma incidence, but no apparent interaction was observed. The results of this cohort study with assessment of exposure before the onset of asthma strengthen the evidence on the independent effects of parental atopy and exposure to molds on the development of asthma.